RadioFoundry

Feature matrix

Every feature, the build switch it sits behind (CONFIG_<switch> in config/features.mk, build-config.md), what it costs in flash on the ARM radios, and where it's built by default.

  • Bytes = default image minus the image with that switch off (tools/ci.sh builds each switch off), flash bytes. A parent switch's figure includes its children (turning FM off also drops VOX, APRS, ...).
  • Figures from tools/ci.sh at 3ec14e3 (2026-10-11).
    • DM-1701: plain build (LTO off), default image 340,680 B of 344,064 B (3,384 free). Since USRP (2026-10-13) the default build uses link time optimization: 330,824 B (13,240 free). The per-feature figures stay the plain ones.
    • MD-380: link time optimization on (LTO=1 LTO_3P=1, its default), default image 279,444 B of 281,668 B, the region it had then. With LTO a switch also changes what gets inlined elsewhere, so small MD-380 figures are approximate. Since the codec moved (2026-10-19) the region is 464 KB and the switches that were off for flash are on; the per-feature figures stay the 2026-10-11 ones.
    • * = off by default; measured by turning it on in the DM-1701 build (main c0022b4).
  • Radios: which switches each radio builds by default is in Built by default on each radio, generated from the build. A — in a bytes column means not built there, so not measured.
  • A mark in the Built by default table is not a statement that the feature works. ● means the switch is on in that radio's default image, nothing more. A feature can be built in and still do nothing on a radio, or never have been tried on it. What has actually been checked on each radio is in Checked on each radio below.
  • The DM-32UV builds with csky-elf GCC; its sizes aren't in the per-feature tables (ARM only for now); its whole images are at the end.

Checked on each radio

Generated from the bring-up records in testing/results/, by the status rule of tools/bringup.py status. "pass" means a recorded run (tools/bringup.py run) passed the feature's required tests. "(seed)" means the evidence is the board's seed record: a check the docs recorded before the board's first run. "needs re-run" means the feature's spec or source files changed since that check; the result shown is the old one. "not recorded" means no record covers the feature on that radio: it is built in and host tested, and should be treated as unverified. "off" is off in the default build, ✕ not available. A radio's checklist with the required tests is tools/bringup.py list --radio <id>.

Feature DM-32UV DM-1701 DM-1801 Pro DB25-D PRO MD-380
fm pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed)
subtone pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) not recorded pass (seed)
fm_tx_tones not recorded pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not written
dtmf not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not written
vox not written not recorded not recorded not written not recorded
battery_save pass (seed) pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not recorded
am_rx not recorded ✕ not recorded ✕ ✕
bcast_fm not recorded ✕ not recorded not written ✕
dmr_voice pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed)
dmr_privacy not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_talker_alias not recorded pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_gps not recorded pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_emergency not recorded pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_roaming not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_signaling not recorded pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not recorded
vfo not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
vfo_fm not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
vfo_dmr not recorded not recorded not recorded pass (seed) not recorded
channel_list not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
channel_edit not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
key_assign not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
scan not recorded pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not recorded
dual_watch not recorded pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not recorded
beep not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
vibrate off ✕ not recorded ✕ ✕
gps pass (seed) ✕ ✕ not recorded not recorded
dmr_data_rx not recorded pass (seed) pass (seed) not recorded not recorded
dmr_sms not recorded pass (seed) pass (seed) not recorded pass (seed)
dmr_tms not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_ars not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_lrrp not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_udp_compress not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
dmr_confirmed not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
sfr not recorded pass (seed) pass (seed) not written ✕
aprs pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
aprs_rx pass (seed) not recorded not recorded not written not written
aprs_igate not recorded off not recorded not written not written
usb ✕ pass (seed) ✕ ✕ not recorded
hostlink not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
hotspot pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) not recorded
split_duplex pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) not written not written
debuglink pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed) pass (seed)
task_stacks not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
cps_openfw not recorded pass (seed) not recorded pass (seed) pass (seed)
cps_fast not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
stub_entry not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
crash_log not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
crash_screen not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
crash_report not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
watchdog not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
fault_trace not recorded ✕ not recorded not recorded ✕
usb_network ✕ pass (seed) ✕ ✕ not recorded
dmr_ip_gateway not recorded not recorded pass (seed) not recorded not recorded
dmr_control_station not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
net_tcp not recorded not recorded pass (seed) pass (seed) not recorded
net_kiss not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
net_http not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
net_http_gzip not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
net_rigctl not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
net_usrp not recorded not recorded not recorded not written not recorded
net_aprsis not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
mdns not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
tftp not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
tftp_iddb not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
snmp not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
net_ppp not recorded off pass (seed) pass (seed) off
ui_navigation not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
channel_knob not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
ui_settings not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
diag not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
ui_color not recorded not recorded ✕ not recorded not recorded
font_xl not recorded ✕ ✕ ✕ ✕
font_aa not recorded off off off off
font_big not recorded off off off off
radio_controls not recorded not recorded not recorded pass (seed) not recorded
settings_store not recorded not recorded not recorded pass (seed) not recorded
nand_storage ✕ ✕ ✕ not recorded ✕
codec_check not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded not recorded
audio_probe not written off not written not written not written

What the records don't hold yet: limits and known problems from the bring-up pages.

Radio Known limits and problems Source
DM-1701 Not yet checked: split duplex with a real pair of radios, standalone SFR, roaming to a repeater, IP over DMR end to end, VOX with a voice, privacy scrambling against another radio on-air-coverage
DM-32UV GPS data seen, no fix yet. The transmit half of a split duplex pair not checked. FM transmit deviation at 12.5 kHz, both slots through a duplex hotspot. A DMR receive fault after hours of uptime (2026-10-16, cause unknown). USB not available dm32-bringup
DM-1801 Pro The receive half of a split duplex pair, VHF transmit, VOX and APRS receive not checked hardware-dm1801pro
DB25-D PRO Split duplex and MMDVM SFR not built. DMR audio from the speaker, a GPS fix and settings kept across power off not confirmed hardware-db25d
MD-380 Fully operational (UHF)¹. DCS, the VHF image, tone deviation and data from a DMR VFO not checked. Split duplex and SFR not available (HR_C5000) md380-bringup

¹ TX frequency accuracy depends on each radio's factory calibration: confirm it against an external reference (frequency counter, service monitor, or a hotspot's MMDVMCal BER test). One MD-380 measured +1.9 kHz high, outside an MMDVM hotspot's decode window; MD380_TX_OFFSET_HZ corrects it at build time (hardware-md380).

Built by default on each radio

● on in the radio's default image · ○ off by default (it builds when switched on) · ✕ the radio's hardware can't do it: the board or its platform lists it in BOARD_UNSUPPORTED with the reason (config.mk) · … the hardware can, but the radio's driver or glue isn't written yet (BOARD_NOT_WRITTEN) · ? off, and no source says yet whether the radio has the part it needs (board.toml [hardware] unconfirmed). The rule: build-config.md. From each board's make print-config. A switch that needs hardware some radios lack (hardware in tests/hil/features.toml) is never ○. The last two rows are not switches. Voltage reading: what the radio measures, its battery, its DC input (Supply) or none (board_volts() in hal/board.h). Clock: whether the radio's real-time clock keeps time through power-off (board.toml [hardware] clock; ? = not known yet). No driver reads the clock yet (radio-features.md 5.6).

Feature switch DM-32UV DM-1701 DM-1801 Pro DB25-D PRO MD-380
FM ● ● ● ● ●
SUBTONE ● ● ● ● ●
DMR ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_PRIVACY ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_TALKER_ALIAS ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_GPS ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_SMS ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_TMS ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_ARS ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_LRRP ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_SIGNALING ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_EMERGENCY ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_ROAMING ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_IP_GATEWAY ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_UDP_COMPRESS ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_CONFIRMED ● ● ● ● ●
NET_TCP ● ● ● ● ●
NET_KISS ● ● ● ● ●
NET_HTTP ● ● ● ● ●
NET_HTTP_GZIP ● ● ● ● ●
NET_RIGCTL ● ● ● ● ●
NET_APRSIS ● ● ● ● ●
NET_USRP ● ● ● … ●
MDNS ● ● ● ● ●
TFTP ● ● ● ● ●
TFTP_IDDB ● ● ● ● ●
DMR_CONTROL_STATION ● ● ● ● ●
SNMP ● ● ● ● ●
SFR ● ● ● … ✕
TASK_STACKS ● ● ● ● ●
USB ✕ ● ✕ ✕ ●
HOSTLINK ● ● ● ● ●
USB_NETWORK ✕ ● ✕ ✕ ●
NET_PPP ● ○ ● ● ○
HOTSPOT ● ● ● ● ●
HOTSPOT_SPLIT ● ● ● … …
DEBUGLINK ● ● ● ● ●
CPS_OPENFW ● ● ● ● ●
CPS_FAST ● ● ● ● ●
VFO ● ● ● ● ●
VFO_FM ● ● ● ● ●
VFO_DMR ● ● ● ● ●
DIAG ● ● ● ● ●
FONT_XL ● ✕ ✕ ✕ ✕
FONT_AA ● ○ ○ ○ ○
FONT_BIG ● ○ ○ ○ ○
UI_COLOR ● ● ✕ ● ●
UI_SETTINGS ● ● ● ● ●
SCAN ● ● ● ● ●
DUAL_WATCH ● ● ● ● ●
BEEP ● ● ● ● ●
FM_TX_TONES ● ● ● ● …
DTMF ● ● ● ● …
VOX … ● ● … ●
BATTERY_SAVE ● ● ● ● ●
VIBRATE ? ✕ ● ✕ ✕
GPS ● ✕ ✕ ● ●
AUDIO_PROBE … ○ … … …
STUB_ENTRY ● ● ● ● ●
NAND_STORAGE ✕ ✕ ✕ ● ✕
CRASH_LOG ● ● ● ● ●
CRASH_SCREEN ● ● ● ● ●
CRASH_REPORT ● ● ● ● ●
WATCHDOG ● ● ● ● ●
FAULT_TRACE ● ✕ ● ● ✕
AM_RX ● ✕ ● ✕ ✕
BCAST_FM ● ✕ ● … ✕
APRS ● ● ● ● ●
APRS_RX ● ● ● … …
APRS_IGATE ● ○ ● … …
KEY_ASSIGN ● ● ● ● ●
CHANNEL_LIST ● ● ● ● ●
CHANNEL_EDIT ● ● ● ● ●
Voltage reading (board, no switch) Battery Battery Battery None Battery
Clock kept through power-off (board, no switch) Yes ? Yes ? ?

Radio and voice

Feature Switch Bytes DM-1701 Bytes MD-380 Notes
Analog FM receive and transmit FM 29,296 28,056 Includes its children (tones, VOX, APRS, FM VFO)
CTCSS / DCS encode and decode SUBTONE 904 3,292* MD-380: software decode (ADC) and PWM encode; CTCSS 100.0 Hz works on air both ways (2026-10-19), DCS not yet checked
FM TX tones: roger beep, 1750 Hz burst FM_TX_TONES 568 — MD-380: TX tone path not written
DTMF transmit from the keys DTMF 920 — MD-380: TX tone path not written
FM VOX VOX 496 1,064
Receiver battery saver BATTERY_SAVE 296 740
Air band AM receive (108-137 MHz) AM_RX 408* — Needs a receiver that does AM; DM-32 board glue not written yet, so nothing runs
Broadcast FM receiver BCAST_FM ~0* — Needs a second receiver chip (DM-32's RDA5807M); glue not written yet
DMR Tier II voice (modem, call stack, AMBE FEC, vocoder) DMR 175,856 134,308 Includes every DMR feature and everything on IP over DMR
Basic privacy (Motorola / Anytone BP) DMR_PRIVACY 1,936 1,992
Talker alias receive and send DMR_TALKER_ALIAS 984 1,300
ETSI GPS Info in the embedded LC DMR_GPS 2,208 2,152
DMR emergency (alarm, emergency call, hot mic) DMR_EMERGENCY 3,296 3,188
Repeater roaming DMR_ROAMING 11,952 12,380
CSBK signaling: call alert, radio check DMR_SIGNALING 592 752
VFO (hand-tuned frequency) VFO 656 516 Includes the DMR VFO; VFO and VFO_DMR re-measured 2026-10-17 (DM-1701 plain build, MD-380 with LTO). Copy to VFO (dmr-voice.md 2.2) is on top of that figure, behind the same switch: about 630 B on the DM-1701 and 730 B on the MD-380 (default builds, LTO as each has it), 750 B on the C-SKY radios
FM VFO VFO_FM 504 452
DMR VFO (color code, slot, talk target typed in; mode change FM / DMR) VFO_DMR 144 104 The VFO's mode, color code, slot and talk target are settings of the VFO, kept across power cycles (dmr-voice.md 2.1)
Channels list: every channel by number, a channel's settings (hub 5) CHANNEL_LIST 1,536 2,140
Channel editor: edit a channel, New channel from current settings, text entry CHANNEL_EDIT 4,656 4,252 Needs CHANNEL_LIST. Without it a channel's settings are read only. Measured 2026-10-17
Side key assignment (Settings > Keys, codeplug) KEY_ASSIGN 1,344 —
Scan, band scan, dual watch, nuisance delete SCAN 2,576 3,032
Dual watch: A and B in any zone or the VFO, PTT on the selected one, its screens, talk back DUAL_WATCH 10,864 11,456 Needs SCAN. Without it, only the debug link's dual watch (two channels of one zone). Measured 2026-10-21 on the dual watch branch, default builds
Beeps and alert tones BEEP 1,552 1,800
Vibration alerts (Settings > Sound > Vibrate) VIBRATE 520* — Needs a vibration motor (hal_power_t.vibrate): none of these radios has one RadioFoundry drives. On for the DM-1801 Pro. Measured 2026-10-16 with CONFIG_SNMP=n; 236 B with LTO
GPS receiver: the module driver and its NMEA input (Settings > Location > GPS) GPS — 1,196 Needs a GPS receiver. Off, DMR GPS, LRRP and APRS keep the fixed position and report no fix. MD-380 measured 2026-10-22 (LTO, 58f2cebe); the DM-1701 has no receiver

DMR data

Feature Switch Bytes DM-1701 Bytes MD-380 Notes
Text messages (ETSI IP text by default) DMR_SMS 2,640 5,072 Includes the TMS format. Individual ETSI IP texts go confirmed ("Delivered to")
Motorola TMS text format DMR_TMS 784 740 Optional format next to ETSI IP text
ARS registration DMR_ARS 1,112 1,324
LRRP location DMR_LRRP 8,548 2,048
Compressed UDP/IP headers on transmit (SAP 3) DMR_UDP_COMPRESS 408 356 Auto: not for ports 4000-4099 or ETSI IP text
Confirmed packet data DMR_CONFIRMED 2,880 2,920
Single frequency repeater (MMDVM SFR) SFR 6,884 — MD-380: HR_C5000 lacks what the SFR glue uses
APRS: AFSK positions, status, messages; DMR positions; KISS TNC APRS 26,568 26,628 Includes APRS receive, KISS over TCP and APRS-IS where built. MD-380: AFSK TX needs the tone path (not written), DMR positions work
APRS receive: demodulator, station list, digipeater APRS_RX 8,892 — DM-1701: FM receive audio on the I2S stream, squelch gated (aprs 5.3). MD-380: not written
APRS iGate rules (with tools/aprs_gate.py) APRS_IGATE 1,820* — Needs APRS receive. DM-1701: off by default
Feature Switch Bytes DM-1701 Bytes MD-380 Notes
USB device USB 127,300 87,848 DM-32 has no USB (host link on the programming cable's UART). Includes everything on USB
Host link: hotspot, CPS, debug link on the host port HOSTLINK 115,640 77,644 Includes its children
MMDVM hotspot HOTSPOT 34,196 ~12,400 Includes split duplex and MMDVM SFR where built. MD-380: size estimated
Split duplex repeater (two radios, one duplex modem) HOTSPOT_SPLIT 12,584 — MD-380: HR_C6000-only glue. DM-1701, DM-32UV, DM-1801 Pro: each half checked alone on the SDR bench; one pair (DM-1801 Pro TX, DM-32UV RX) with a subscriber: 29 of 31 calls on the right slot
Debug link DEBUGLINK 32,376 29,084
Task stacks in the debug link view TASK_STACKS 536 560 Each task's least free stack, the tasks view section (debuglink 3.7)
Open-firmware CPS protocol (qdmr) CPS_OPENFW 3,064 3,008
Fast codeplug protocol (debug link CODEPLUG) CPS_FAST 3,732 3,948* Changed 4 KB blocks only, LZ4 both ways, staged commit (cps-fast.md). DM-1701 figure with LTO (2026-10-18)
Loader hand-over (stub entry, command 0x1A) STUB_ENTRY 768* — Updates and backups over the radio's own link without the bootloader key press: the web flasher and stub/stubtool.py. On by default on every radio, with or without the debug link (stub-entry.md); on the STM32 radios a RAM flash stub that also takes 8 KB of RAM (stub-stm32f4.md) (the DM-1701's RAM is 95 % used with it on)
Crash log CRASH_LOG 1,572 1,756 A fault, stack overflow, heap exhaustion or failed assertion keeps a record across the restart; the debug link shows it (crash-log.md)
Hardware watchdog WATCHDOG 932 856 Fed by the idle task; a hang or a starved system resets the radio. Timeout about 5 s on the STM32 radios, 4 s on the HR_C7000 radios (watchdog.md)
Fault trace on the host UART FAULT_TRACE — — A CPU fault's registers in three framed lines before the restart, about 600 B (crash-log.md 2.3). The STM32 radios' host port is USB
Crash log screen CRASH_SCREEN 1,024 1,408* Settings > Advanced > Crash log: the record's summary and Clear
Crash report over DMR CRASH_REPORT 1,440 1,712* Sends the crash record as one UDP datagram to a codeplug contact, from the menu or after the restart (Off, Ask, Auto) (crash-log.md 5). Needs the screen

Network (USB network adapter and IP over DMR)

Feature Switch Bytes DM-1701 Bytes MD-380 Notes
USB network adapter (CDC-NCM) USB_NETWORK 48,344 47,468 Includes everything below
IP over DMR gateway DMR_IP_GATEWAY 44,128 43,220 Includes the radio's own services below
Control station mode (boot as network, PC answers data, fixed link) DMR_CONTROL_STATION 288 484
Minimal TCP NET_TCP 16,240 15,656 Includes KISS, HTTP, rigctld, APRS-IS. About 4.5 KB RAM
KISS over TCP, port 8001 NET_KISS 700 752
HTTP status page and JSON, port 80 NET_HTTP 4,796 4,860
HTTP static files stored and served gzip compressed NET_HTTP_GZIP -64 -96 Negative: saves flash
rigctld, port 4532 NET_RIGCTL 3,852 3,728
Audio linking (USRP over UDP, port 34001) NET_USRP 4,552 4,888 DM-1701: DMR and FM both ways. MD-380: DMR only (FM audio doesn't reach the processor yet). DM-32UV: DMR only until its board code has the FM audio paths
APRS-IS client NET_APRSIS 2,856 2,720 Needs NAT on the host
mDNS / DNS-SD (rfoundry-.local) MDNS 6,744 6,504
TFTP codeplug read / write TFTP 6,356 6,412 Without the ID database below
DMR ID database over TFTP (iddb.bin, combined codeplug.bin) TFTP_IDDB 2,184 2,264 Follows TFTP
SNMP v2c agent and traps (USB and over the air) SNMP 8,460 8,036
PPP on the serial host port (IPv4 into the gateway) NET_PPP 4,368* 3,816* Interop tested with pppd; checked on the DB25-D PRO and the DM-1801 Pro (docs/spec/ppp.md 8). Fits neither default image as it is when measured (DM-1701 688 B short, MD-380 1,588 B short of its 275 KB then; DM-1701 with LTO: +3,948, fits). DM-32: its only IP link, on by default with the gateway and every service (Whole images, DM-32UV)

User interface

Feature Switch Bytes DM-1701 Bytes MD-380 Notes
Settings menu on the radio UI_SETTINGS 5,304 5,640
Diagnostics page DIAG 3,752 3,532
Color screen settings (theme, highlight color, filled status bar) UI_COLOR 672 608 Off on the DM-1801 Pro (monochrome screen; 628 B there). Measured 2026-10-17; DM-1701 with LTO 612 B
16x32 font FONT_XL 6,352* — Only useful at 240 px and wider (MD-380 is 160 px). Anti-aliased on the DM-32 (7.4 KB of glyphs)
Anti-aliased fonts FONT_AA 3,004* — Smooth text on color panels (measured 2026-10-17); the DM-32's image grew 9.5 KB with it and FONT_XL
Larger text FONT_BIG — — 9x18 lists and labels on 240 px color panels (needs FONT_AA); 3,588 B on the DM-32 (measured 2026-10-17)

Storage

Feature Switch Bytes DM-1701 Bytes MD-380 Notes
Settings and codeplug storage on SPI NAND NAND_STORAGE — — For radios whose data flash is SPI NAND: on for the DB25-D (about 6.6 KB flash, 1.5 KB RAM), not in these columns. These radios have SPI NOR and don't use it (nand-sectors)

Bench

Feature Switch Bytes DM-1701 Bytes MD-380 Notes
Audio path probe (debug link 0x10) AUDIO_PROBE 1,176* — Bench only, never in a release

Whole images

DM-1701 and MD-380

Build DM-1701 MD-380
Default 332,532 (LTO on) 320,236 (2026-10-19)
Maximal (every compatible switch on) 340,396 (LTO on) 327,064 (2026-10-19)
FM only, minimal 123,300 109,488

Link time optimization is on by default on both radios. The DM-1701 has run with it since 2026-10-13 (the HIL suite passed); LTO_3P=1 would take another 3 KB or so off by optimizing the third-party code too.

The MD-380's app region is sectors 3-7, 0x0800C000..0x0807FFFF, 475,136 bytes (464 KB). The codec runs in place in sectors 8, 10 and 11 (codec-md380.md). Measured 2026-10-19 with link time optimization, its default:

MD-380 build Flash Free RAM CCM
Default (UHF) 320,236 154,900 107,120 of 131,068 59,640 of 65,536
Maximal 327,064 148,072

Until the codec moved, the region was 281,668 bytes and the default image fit only with link time optimization and the hotspot off.

DM-32UV

The DM-32UV has 880 KB of code space, so RAM limits it: 165,612 bytes above the stock codec's RAM window and 27,868 below it (RAM_LO). Its network is PPP on the programming cable (NET_PPP), on by default with the IP gateway and every service, TCP_CONNS=3 (boards/dm32/config.mk). It fits because the state the core marks RFOUNDRY_CPU_RAM lives in RAM_LO (hardware-dm32.md 17.1). Measured with csky-elf GCC 14 (bytes of the image, RAM of the linker's regions; the RTOS heap, 40 KB with every task stack, is inside the used part):

DM-32UV build Image RAM (165,612 B) RAM_LO (27,868 B)
before the network (RFOUNDRY_CPU_RAM in main RAM) 313,804 153,740 (11,872 free) 8,800
default (PPP, gateway, every service, 3 TCP connections) 365,236 154,428 (11,184 free) 24,392 (3,476 free)
default, TCP_CONNS=4 365,236 155,956 (9,656 free) 24,392
default, TCP_CONNS=2 365,276 152,892 (12,720 free) 24,392
maximal (also AUDIO_PROBE, FONT_XL) 372,856 155,740 (9,872 free) 24,392

The margin kept, about 11 KB of main RAM, is what the image had before the network went in. RAM_LO has 3.5 KB left for the RAM code (.ramfunc) and the core's RFOUNDRY_CPU_RAM state to grow.

Flash each network switch costs on the DM-32UV (default minus the build with it off): the gateway with PPP and every service 51,428 (NET_PPP or DMR_IP_GATEWAY off), TCP and what runs on it 17,028, SNMP 9,116, mDNS 7,220, TFTP 6,584, HTTP 5,076, rigctld 4,020, APRS-IS 2,964, KISS 688, control station 272. Each TCP connection is about 1.5 KB of RAM (TCP, HTTP, rigctld).

DB25-D PRO

Same SoC and glue as the DM-32UV, with 876 KB of code space and 165,424 bytes of main RAM above the codec window plus 52,912 in RAM_LO (boards/db25d/memory.ld). The network buffers stay in RAM_LO. Left off: split duplex, USRP (PCM does not fit the 115200 baud host port), SFR, APRS receive and iGate, USB, broadcast FM, air band AM, FONT_XL, AUDIO_PROBE (boards/db25d/config.mk).

DB25-D build Image RAM (165,424 B) RAM_LO (52,912 B)
DMR only (hotspot, VFO and network off) 295,460 139,952 (25,472 free) 19,024 (33,888 free)
default (hotspot, PPP, gateway, every service but USRP, 3 TCP connections; no split duplex) 362,364 150,080 (15,344 free) 28,584 (24,328 free)

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